Gun Control in America - 2011 Words

Gun control is one of the biggest issues in America. Alfred Blumstein states, â€Å"As Americans, violence is a priority in everybody’s concerns in this country.† America is fighting a constant battle against crime and violence in this country. Murder is one of the biggest incidents happening on a daily basis in this country. 70% of homicides are reported to have some sort of firearm used in the crime. The depressing truth is that gun violence is increasing in young teens. Since 1985 people younger than the age of 18 committing murders has doubled and a big factor in this gun outbreak is due to gang violence, which is main reason in the rate of gun homicides. Law enforcement has been trying to contain these gangs and to keep firearms off of the streets and out of the hands of the wrong people. There are studies being tested and researched if gun control will reduce the number in homicides in the United States. People should care about a controversial topic such as this because in some cases it is a matter of life and death. What if you are being attacked and have no way of defending yourself? A gun can be a matter of protection from being the victim of a crime. Guns are one of the biggest threats in this country; however, they are also one of the biggest crime deterrents as well. I believe enforcing a strict gun control will worsen the effects of homicide in the United States for several reasons. First it would leave people to be defenseless against crimes. Secondly, criminalsShow MoreRelatedGun Control in America785 Words   |  3 Pages There has always been and always will be a problem with crime in America. Gun control has become a hot topic when talking about crime prevention. Gun control is any law, policy, or practice created to regulate the possession, production, sale, and use of firearms by private citizens. The majority of the American citizens believe that we should be able to own firearms for protection, leisure and sporting purposes. These people believe that denial of ownership of firearms infringes our SecondRead MoreGun Control in America1480 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America On March 24, 1998, firing from the woods overlooking their school, 13-year-old Andrew Golden and 11-year-old Mitchell Johnson shot and killed four middle school students and a teacher and injured ten other students in Jonesboro, Arkansas. The two boys had a semiautomatic M-1 carbine with a large ammunition magazine, two other rifles, seven handguns and more than 500 rounds of ammunition which they took from the home of one of the boy?s grandfather, who had a large arsenalRead MoreGun Control in America758 Words   |  4 PagesNathan 3/30/08 Gun Control in America Ever since the days of the pioneers, firearms have been an element of the American tradition as defense and a means of hunting or activity. As we progress through the 21st century the use of guns has changed significantly. The reason that the use of the gun is changing is fast and steady increase in crime and the battle for the right to have possession of a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to decrease the felony in theRead MoreGun Control in America1313 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America Peter Z Bliss ENG/215 February 2, 2012 Kim Holloway Gun Control in America Gun control is a debate topic that comes up every election and when a major event happens that involving guns. Pro-gun lobbyists say â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† [ (Hagan, 2007) ] the anti-gun advocates want to take away the right to bear arms. This topic has no right or wrong answer it is a preference of the individual. This is why gun control is such a fiercely debated topicRead MoreThe Issue of Guns and Gun Control in America1146 Words   |  5 PagesIn America guns have been a part of the country’s society since it’s birth. Throughout history the citizens of the US have used firearms to protect the nation, protect their families, to hunt for food and to engage in sporting activities. The issue of Guns and gun control takes on a proportion of extreme magnitude. Weighing the rights and liberties of the individual against the welfare and safety of the public has always been a precarious balancing act. In the United States, gun cont rol is one ofRead MoreThe Gun Control Debate in America1159 Words   |  5 PagesGUN CONTROL DEBATE IN AMERICA Gun control has become a very hot topic of contention in America today. What seems to echo here are two words: â€Å"guns† and â€Å"crime†, in a sense that are these words mutually exclusive to each other? Does the use of guns ultimately lead to crime? On the flip side, have the laws in America restricting firearm use been effective enough to protect the lives of the citizens? These are some of the questions that strike the hearts of many when the gun control debate music isRead MoreGun Control Laws On America1369 Words   |  6 Pages Many activist think that they could control the gun violence in America, just by taking away weapons from the people and making new laws. What they don’t know is that there are many loopholes in the laws that they make so peoples find ways to get guns. We already have gun control laws from back then. the government just passed more laws instead of enforcing the laws that we already. †The activists pass more and more laws thinking that the more laws we have the better they would be enforced.† (Drake)Read MoreGun Control in America Essay765 Words   |  4 Pages Gun control laws in America have been a long standing issue that is still a problem today. In America it is excessively easier to obtain a gun license than to obtain a driver’s license. Americans who want to obtain a license to drive in the United States must pass a written and a driving test with a government official driving instructor. Some states require a drug and alcohol course before issuing a license to drive. The same concept should apply for obtaining a gun license. Due to guns licensesRead MoreGun Control in America Essay828 Words   |  4 Pages Guns Control Living a life in America, we all get to have all the rights that included in the Constitution. One of those was the Second Amendment which is the rights to bear arm, the purpose was to protect ourselves from danger but nowadays a lot of people have take advantage of it and use it in the wrong way. I believe our government need to have a strict limit on guns possession. Gun control had been a phenomenal issue in our country. In December 15, 1791 the second amendment establishedRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On America Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Gun Control on America Guns have been prevalent in the United State’s culture for hundreds of years. Firearms have been, and still are being used for hunting, protection and even sport. In fact, if it was not for the help of firearms, we would not be graced with the many freedoms we have today. Currently, owning and obtaining a firearm is a controversial topic that sparks heavy emotions. Many people argue for eliminating all guns, and applying heavier regulations to prevent tragic

Work And Adopt A Natural Energy Booster, The Common Nap Essay

Several Fortune 500 companies, and even small businesses, are considering allowing the average worker to take a break from their work and adopt a natural energy booster, the common nap. Workplace napping is an innovative, low-cost method that is starting to be incorporating at people’s places of work. Many people associate naps with laziness, however, businesses are evaluating the importance of naps in the workplace, as they hold various benefits such as an increase in performance, attentiveness, and overall productivity. Naps have held many stigmas over the years and are often seen as very unprofessional in the traditional workplace. Many say it leads to a halt in one’s personal output. Managers, foreman, and workers suffer from the notion that napping is an indicator of lack of ambition and low professional ethics (Muzet et al). These attitudes further reassert the notion that naps are being seen as a distraction from work that needs to be accomplished. If discussed at all, â€Å"sleep is more often than not regarded as a necessary evil by many moralists and capitalists, who warn that wasted hours are wasted money, too much sleep parboils the flesh, and sleep is a felon that steals precious time† (Baxter). Most companies have frowned upon the idea of employees taking the company’s time to sleep on the job, but the concept of napping is adapting from one’s personal pastime to a new and innovative business model. In addition to the regular every day workplace, businesses ar eShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . 396 Basic Steps in Team Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 The Roles People Play in Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Team Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 The Future of Work Teams in Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Contingency Approach to Leading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 xiv Contents Section 6: Coordinating 18—Measuring

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Growth- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePhysical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Growth. Answer: Introduction The control of microbial growth is an essential procedure to prevent the transmission of infections and diseases caused by the microbial agents. The microbial growth control is essential as it stops the decomposition and spoilage of foods and other consumable products and also preventing the unwanted microbial contaminations. The control of the microbial growth can be achieved through the use of chemical agents and physical agents. The physical agents and processes that can be used to control the microbial growth include osmotic pressure, filtrations, use of either too high or too low temperatures, radiations or desiccation (Carpenter-Cleland, 2017). The chemical methods commonly used to control the microbial growth include use of antiseptics, disinfectants and chemotherapeutic antimicrobial chemicals. The scientists and the healthcare professionals uses specific terminologies to precisely refer to microbial control environment hence the need to be familiar with such terms in order t o fully understand and learn microbial growth control concepts (Kilbey, 2015). Some of these terms are defined and discussed below. Antibiotic refers to a microbial derivative with the ability to kill susceptible microorganisms on inhibit their growth and proliferation in specific environment (Slonczewski, Foster, Gillen, 2014). Antimicrobial agents refer to any chemical compound that can kill or inhibit the growth of the microorganisms. The agents may vary in terms of selective toxicity and they can either be natural or chemically synthesized (Kilbey, 2015). Antisepsis is the reduction in the number of microbes with potential pathogenesis on living cells while antiseptic refers to the procedure or environment free of pathogenic contaminants such as bacteria, virus or fungus (Kirchman, 2011). Disinfection refers to elimination or reduction of the pathogenic microorganism in or on a material surface so as to make it safe. Disinfection process can be achieved through the use of antiseptic which is used externally on animal tissues, disinfectant that is used on inanimate objects and not animal tissues and the sanitizer that is used on food preparation equipments (Reis, Paula, Casarotti, Penna, 2012). Decontamination is the process of treating an objective or inanimate surface to render it safe to handle while sterilization refers to the process of destroying all the living microbes such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa among others. A sterile object is one which is free of all forms of life (Santagati, Scillato, Patan, Aiello, Stefani, 2012). Chemotherapeutic antimicrobial chemicals refer to synthetic chemicals that can be used therapeutically to kill or control the growth and proliferation of the microbes. The agents with the ability to kill the microbes are termed cidal agents while those that inhibit the growth and proliferations of the microorganisms are termed static agents (Kirchman, 2011). The purpose of the experiment was to investigate how the physical and chemical agents and processes can be used to control the growth and proliferation of two specifically chosen microbes. The two microorganisms that were used in the experiment included B. Subtilis and the E.coli. The experiments to be conducted include the Kirby-Bauer test, the lethal effects of the temperature, bleach test and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotic drugs. Materials and Methods The Kirby-Bauer test The test procedure was developed to help in determining the microbial susceptibility to different antibiotics. Materials used included small forceps, sterile cotton swabs, Mueller-Hinton agar plates and the paper disks impregnated with antibiotics (Slonczewski, Foster, Gillen, 2014). The antibiotics used included ciprofloxacin, moxalactam, Vancomycin, Penicilin, Polymyxin B and the Colistin. Procedure 3 was followed without any alterations on the methodology (Carpenter-Cleland, 2017). The diameters of microbes (E. coli and B. Sabtilis) migration in the plate were measured for the different drugs used. The plates were exposed in similar environmental conditions. Determining the Minimum Inhibitory concentration of an Antimicrobial Drug This is a complementary Kirby-Bauer disk test. It is a test used in microbial research laboratories to determine the lowest concentration of the drug required to prevent the growth of the microbial agent. It is usually a quantitative test as opposed to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test which is a qualitative test. Procedure 5 in the practical manual guide will be used to conduct the experiment (Carpenter-Cleland, 2017). The lowest concentration of the drugs that inhibits the culture growth will be recorded. Bleach Tests The experiment will employ the use of commercially sold household bleaching items such as sodium hypochlorite to determine their ability to disinfect surfaces through moderate oxidizing activities (Reis, Paula, Casarotti, Penna, 2012). The bleaching agents have the ability to control the growth and proliferations of the microbes. The experiment deployed the use of nutrient ager plates, sterile cotton swab, bleach solutions and filter discs culture and 10% bleach agent. The amount of time taken to clear the culture in the plates was recorded. Procedure 6 in the practical manual guide will be used to conduct the experiment (Carpenter-Cleland, 2017). Lethal Effects of Temperature on Microbes The experiment is set to determine the thermal death time and thermal death point for the two microorganisms under study. The material required in the experimented included water baths, test-tube racks, thermometer, nutrient agar plate, inoculating loop and the 3 days culture organisms (B. Subtilis). Procedure 7 in the practical manual was employed to carry out the practical (Carpenter-Cleland, 2017). The amount of growth in the test-tubes at different temperature was recorded. Results The Kirby-Bauer test Drugs Diameter of growth ( mm) B. sabtilis E. coli Ciprofloxacin 40 45 moxalactam No clear circle No visible circle Vancomycin 30 No visible circle Polymyxin B 20 20 Colistin 12 15 Penicilin No clear circle No visible circle Determining the Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an Antimicrobial Drug Microorganism Concentration Used B. subtilis 0.015 E. coli 8 Bleach Tests subtilis Concentration of bleaching agent Time Taken in the Bleaching Agent 10minutes 30 minutes 0% No clear margin No clear margin 10% No clear margin No clear margin 20% No clear margin 5mm 30% No clear margin 5mm 35% 8mm 7mm coli Concentration of bleaching agent Time Taken in the Bleaching Agent 10minutes 30 minutes 0% 0.4cm 0.5cm 10% 0.7cm 1.3cm 20% 1.5cm 1.3cm 30% 2.0cm 1.6cm 35% 1.8cm 1.7cm Lethal Effects of Temperature on Microbes Temperature in 0C 40 60 80 100 E. coli Growth +++ ++ - - B. subtilis +++ +++ +++ + Discussion Disks susceptibility has been shown to be the best tool to measure the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agents against the pathogenic microbes. The sensitivity of the microbes to the antimicrobial is determined by the extent of inhibition zone in the disk plate. The larger the diameter the more susceptible the organisms to the antimicrobial hence the drug can be deemed effective for controlling the growth and proliferation of the microbes (Gould, 2016). B. Sabtilis were reported to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, polymyxin B and slightly susceptible to colistin. The organisms are insusceptible to moxalactam and penicillin. E. coli species on the other hand are insusceptible to moxalactam, vancomycin and penicillin and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, polymyxin B and the colistin (Kerry, 2013). The experiment requires that all organisms exposed to similar environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The results can be used to classify the pathogens as susceptible, re sistant or intermediate. For example both E. coli and subtilis can be termed resistant to moxalactam and penicilins, intermediate to polymyxin B and colistin and susceptible to ciprofloxacin (Greenwood, Slack, Irving, 2012). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test is quantitative tests which seek to determine the amount of the antimicrobials that can be used to control the growth and proliferations of the microbes. The study has indicated that B. Subtilis require the lowest concentration of antimicrobial to inhibit growth as compared to E. coli. As such, B. Subtilis are more susceptible as compared to E. coli. The knowledge of minimum inhibitory concentration can be used to determine the antimicrobial dosage regimen and predict the toxicity (Greenwood, Slack, Irving, 2012). The bleaching agents act as disinfect of the surfaces through reduction process hence depriving the microbe oxygen and air for respiration. The agents are used to target aerobic microbes which cannot survive in absence of oxygen. The degree of growth inhibition is greatly determined by the concentration of the bleaching agent and amount of time allowed for the reduction process (Hauschild, 2015). The higher the concentration of the bleaching agent, the higher the potential of inhibiting microbial growth as indicated in table 3 and table 4. E. coli species has been shown to be more susceptible to bleaching agent as compared to B. Subtilis species. B. subtilis is only susceptible to bleaching agent used when exposed for long time and at higher concentrations. On the other hand, E. coli is susceptible to the bleaching agent at both low concentrations and almost immediately it is exposed (Florence, 2014). The low temperature and extremely high temperatures affects the activities of the microbial hence it can be used to control the growth and proliferations of the microorganisms. Low temperatures inactivate the microbes hence inability to infect, spoil or degrade substances while the high temperature denatures the enzymes in microbes hence inactivating them (Hauschild, 2015). Therefore the growth of bacteria can be controlled by regulating the temperatures. The practical results shown in table 6 have shown that the growth of B. subtilis can occure up to 100 degrees Celsius however, its growth at 100 degrees Celsius is dramatically slowed. E. coli species can only grow up to 60 degrees Celsius hence its growth can be minimized by increasing the temperatures beyond 60 degrees Celsius (Clifford, 2015). References Carpenter-Cleland,C. (2017). BIOL 2P98 Principles of Microbiology 2017FW Lab Manual. St. Catharines: Brock University. Clifford,D. (2015). Biocides A Reasonable Alternative to Prevent and Control Microorganisms? Frontiers in Antimicrobial Agents, 12(9), 208-233. doi:10.2174/9781681081403115010011 Florence,K. (2014). Microbes and pathogens. Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control, 13(3), 305-306. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542077.022 Gould,G.W. (2016). Control of Microbial Growth through the Exclusion of Air. Biodeterioration 7, 10(14), 529-534. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_70 Greenwood,D., Slack,R.C., Irving,W.L. (2012). Medical Microbiology: A Guide to Microbial Infections: Pathogenesis, Immunity, Laboratory Diagnosis and Control. With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access (3rded.). London: Elsevier Health Sciences UK. Hauschild,R. (2015). Safety and regulation of microbial pest control agents and microbial plant growth promoters - introduction and overview. Beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, food and the environment: safety assessment and regulation, 9(5), 67-71. doi:10.1079/9781845938109.0067 Kerry,B. (2013). The use of microbial agents for the biological control of plant parasitic nematodes. Exploitation of Microorganisms, 7(3), 81-104. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1532-2_4 Kilbey,B.J. (2015). Determinants of the Mutagenic Specificity of Chemical and Physical Agents in Microorganisms. Radiation Research, 19(9), 966-975. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-523350-7.50094-8 Kirchman,D.L. (2011). Physical-chemical environment of microbes. Processes in Microbial Ecology, 11(2), 35-54. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586936.003.0003 Reis,J.A., Paula,A.T., Casarotti,S.N., Penna,A.L. (2012). Lactic Acid Bacteria Antimicrobial Compounds: Characteristics and Applications. Food Engineering Reviews, 4(2), 124-140. doi:10.1007/s12393-012-9051-2 Santagati,M., Scillato,M., Patan,F., Aiello,C., Stefani,S. (2012). Bacteriocin-producing oral streptococci and inhibition of respiratory pathogens. FEMS Immunology Medical Microbiology, 65(1), 23-31. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00928.x Slonczewski,J., Foster,J.W., Gillen,K.M. (2014). Microbiology: An evolving science. New york: W w norton.

Macro-Environment Assessment of Innocent Drinks Essay Sample free essay sample

1. IntroductionThe intent of this study is to analyze the Macro-Environment of an administration in the UK by placing the top four factors of each PESTEL component and explicating the deduction these will hold on the chosen administration. The Macro-Environment is: ‘The external factors which affect a company’s planning and public presentation. and are beyond its control’ ( World Wide Web. Central Intelligence Machinery. co. United Kingdom ) The 6 Macro-Environmental factors are: Political Economic Social Technological Environmental Legal The administration being analysed for this study is Innocent Drinks. 1. 1 Company Overview Innocent Drinks was started by three friends in 1999. They developed premium smoothies incorporating 100 % fruit and no added H2O or sugar. It is one of the fastest turning concerns in the UK. They give 10 % of all net incomes to charity and continually take part in fund-raising activities. Their trade name is simple. merriment and friendly. Their merge with Coca Cola in 2009 has given them chances to spread out into Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro-Environment Assessment of Innocent Drinks Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ‘We started inexperienced person in 1999 after selling our smoothies at a music festival. We put up a large mark inquiring people if they thought we should give up our occupations to do smoothies. and put a bin stating ‘Yes’ and a bin stating ‘No† in forepart of the stall. Then we got people to vote with their empties. At the terminal of the weekend. the ‘Yes’ bin was full. so we resigned from our occupations the following twenty-four hours and got checking. Since so we’ve started doing veg pots. juices and kids’ drinks. in our pursuit to do natural. delightful. healthy nutrients that help people live good and decease old. ’ ( World Wide Web. innocentdrinks. co. United Kingdom ) 2. Macro Audit of Innocent DrinksThe following tabular array shows a macro-environment audit of the Innocent Drinks administration. The first column provinces each of the PESTEL factors. the 2nd column defines the chief factors of each of the PESTEL factor that will impact Innocent Drinks and the 3rd column list the deductions these factors could hold on he Innocent Drinks administration. PESTEL POLITICAL Define factorsLegislation Regulations Pressure groups Opinions DeductionPossible Treat – Trading Standards guarantee consumer safety by implementing clear labelling of merchandise and elucidative ingredients. Regulations on plastic bottles are controlled by the FDA and must adhere to PET ordinances. Any alterations to these statute laws or ordinances will incur excess production costs. Possible Menace – Pressure groups such as the Ad Standards Agency are at that place to move on ailments and proactively look into the media to take action against misdirecting. harmful or violative advertizements. Possible Threat – Department of Health can do alterations to merchandise demands such as opinion that Innocent Smoothies contain 2 of your 5 a twenty-four hours. This once more could incur excess production costs. Possible Menace – Poor economic growing = less passing power. Costss of energy and ingredients pose a menace in today’s economic clime. Possible Menace – in 2010. a justice ruled that the fruit ingredie nts used in Innocent Smoothies was to be capable to VAT. despite natural ingredients or debris nutrient being allow off. Not merely does his addition costs for the company but they decided to travel to a tribunal and this would be well more money and clip. Possible Threat – Inflation affects monetary value of merchandise. Possible Threat – Innocent Drinks have to happen makers that are willing to work with the hard and disputing logistics of doing the drinks without added ingredients. Health Opportunity – Health benefits Business moralss include 100 % fruit with no added Consumer ingredients and contain 2 of your 5 a attitude twenty-four hours. Brand image Opportunity – Great concern moralss include the Innocent foundation. 10 % of net incomes go to charity. They provide first-class on the job conditions and fruit is ethically grown. Innocent drinks are certified by the Rainforest Alliance. Opportunity – guiltless drinks recognize consumer demand and create merchandises to run into those demands. Consumers are willing to pay a premium for their merchandises due to the 100 % fruit/veg content. merchandise assortment and quality ingredients. Opportunity – Innocent Drinks are a sure trade name with great wellness benefits and natural ingredients. They have a alone temper and are easy identifiable. Innovation Opportunity – Constant pioneers Social Media including – Product. ethos. Presence packaging and ingredients. Waste Opportunity – Big societal Manufacturing media/web presence that gets across progresss their ethos whilst staying merriment and synergistic. Opportunity – Waste direction includes: â€Å"Use less: as small stuff as possible per battalion Don’t use up new material: travel for every bit much recycled and/or renewable stuff as possible Close the cringle: usage stuffs and battalion formats that are easy to recy cle Lower its impact: intentionally avoid high C materials† ( World Wide Web. innocentdrinks. co. uk ) Opportunity – Innocent Drinks are invariably seeking to better fabrication procedures. they already has labels on their merchandises that are 25 % recycled. Climate Possible Threat or chance – alteration Areas where fruit is grown are Boxing significantly impacted by climate Corporate alteration but Innocent Drinks are good societal known for working indefatigably to duty cut down their Carbon Footprint. Staff Morale Opportunity – Packaging is to the full reclaimable and contains recycled plastic. Labels are 25 % recycled. Opportunity – Probably Innocent Drinks biggest chance is their corporate societal duty which includes: Health. conveyance. rainforest confederation enfranchisement. nutrient stat mis contribute to less than 20 % of their overall C footmark. packaging/waste/recycling non merely with production but is besides continued throughout their offices. Innocent foundation and changeless charity work. Opportunity – staff morale is systematically high due to a friendly. honoring working environment. Consumer Possible Threat – â€Å"The production. protection Torahs treating. distribution. retail. Industry packaging and labelling of foodspecific materials are governed by a mass of ordinances Torahs. ordinances. codifications of pattern Employment and counsel. † ( World Wide Web. nutrient. gov. United Kingdom ) Torahs Any alterations in these Torahs or Acts ordinances can impact significantly on production costs. Possible Menace – Changes to employment Torahs and Acts such as the nutrient criterions act could coerce Innocent Drinks to do important accommodations to the manner they manage their concerns 3. The Economic Impact – What can Innocent Drinks do to understate the impact? With the current hapless economic growing and a alteration in purchasing forms. it is indispensable for Innocent Drinks to impart consumer disbursement in their way by turning their rivals weaknesses into chances. A large participant in the soft drinks market is PepsiCo. They are frequently accused of their merchandises being excessively sweet with added sugar and high Calorie content. This is a good chance for Innocent Drinks to play to their strength of making merchandises that contain merely 100 % fruit with no added ingredients to promote consumers to turn to Innocent Drinks merchandises. Continuing with their strong trade name image and standing by their ethos will hopefully maintain their market place stable. Innocent Drinks can besides appeal to take down income consumers by making offers. Possibly within supermarkets where the merchandise is bought in larger measures. 3 for 2 offers could be applied therefore encouraging gross revenues. 4. What could go on to Innocent Drinks if it did nil about this economic issue? If Innocent Drinks are non cognizant of the economic factors impacting consumer-buying forms so they can non fix or be after a scheme to battle these alterations. During a recession. consumers will alter their purchasing wonts to accommodate their current fiscal state of affairs and this could good intend they switch to a trade name with more value for money despite it being of lesser quality. This will impact net income borders and potentially lead to immense losingss for the Innocent Drinks administration. 5. DecisionPESTEL Analysis is a really utile tool for understanding the ‘big picture’ of an organisation’s environment. It highlights chances and menaces and by understanding the macro environment. the administration can take advantage of the chances and minimise the menaces. Explicating a strategic program on the result of the PESTEL Analysis provides a solid program for the administration to turn in the hereafter. This study has truly highlighted to me how much the macro environment is out of an administrations control. Awareness of the macro environment is an administrations best defense mechanism and it is the lone manner to fix for these factors in the best manner possible. Although Innocent Drinks have tonss of chance within socio-cultural and technological factors these can easy be put into hazard by the menaces within the other factors. I think Innocent Drinks have a great ethos and a strong trade name image. which will assist them through this tough econo mic clime but they need to be invariably cognizant of their possible menaces and competition and put in topographic point a strong strategic program to assist safeguard against these in the hereafter. 6. Mention World Wide Web. Central Intelligence Machinery. co. uk/resources/glossary World Wide Web. innocentdrinks. co. uk/us/ourstory World Wide Web. nutrient. gov. uk/enforcement/regulation/ # . UGxBqRimnUU World Wide Web. innocentdrinks. co. uk/us/being-sustainable/packaging 7. BibliographyCIM Introductory Certificate in Marketing. Book 1. Lesson 7. Understanding CustomerRelationships.2012Edition.Home Learning College. R. Masterson A ; D. Pickton ( 2004 ) Marketing An Introduction – McGraw-Hill Education. P. Kotler A ; Kevin Lane Keller ( 2006 ) Marketing Management – 12th Edition. Prentice Hall of India. G. Armstrong. P. Kotler. M. Harker A ; R. Brennan ( 2009 ) Marketing An Introduction – Pearson Education Ltd. A. Palmer ( 2009 ) Introduction to Marketing – 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. S. Hill ( 2010 ) Marketing Management for Business Students – Pearson Education Ltd. S. Hill ( 2010 ) Marketing Management for Business Students. This Custom Book Edition 2010. Pearson Education Limited. E. Palmer ( 2009 ) Introduction to Selling: Theory and Practice. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press. G. Armstrong. P. Kotler. M. Harker A ; R. Brennan ( 2012 ) Marketing An Introduction – Pearson Education Ltd. Wor ld Wide Web. innocentdrinks. co. uk World Wide Web. Central Intelligence Machinery. co. uk hypertext transfer protocol: //homeinsights. hubpages. com/hub/All-About-Innocent-Smoothies World Wide Web. rainforest-alliance. org hypertext transfer protocol: //innovatrs. com/blog/smoothie-operators-innovation-and-timing-is-key-toinnocent-success/ World Wide Web. nutrient. gov. United Kingdom

Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism

Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism Free Online Research Papers The subject of Autism is personal for me because one of my good friends has a son who has autistic. All this week CNN has been doing a study on autism which I found to be very interesting; this is why I am doing my report about the Autistic disorder. Autism which is short for the term autistic disorder is an unusual and severe disorder that can be diagnosed during infancy. According to the Surgeon General autism affects about 10 to 12 kids for each 10,000 kids (Smith, 2008). Autism can be described as an extreme lack of ability to participate in different settings, and by a lack of interest in, societal relations (Smith, 2008).The lack of social interaction, imaginations and communication are other distinct characteristics of Autism. People with autism normally have a limited array of interest and often produced the same behaviors and gestures. According to the University of Phoenix â€Å"the specific source of autism is not known, though most theorists believe that autism is for the most part a product of genetic conditions (University of Phoenix, 2006). The Surgeon General has posted on his state website that â€Å"there is verification to facilitate numerous but dissimilar reasons of toxic or infectious harm to the central nervous system throughout a Childs early development as well might add to the autistic disorder (Smith, 2008). There are some signs through social impairments, and communications that will help determine and diagnose weather a child has an autistic disorder (Slonims, 2003). Autistic children may have problems in developing critical language skills particularly understanding verbal communication; or an abnormal use of speech. Some autistic kids have a hard time responding to there name; Some have partial non-verbal communication. Some other signs of autism in kids are that the baby is not pointing, making gestures, and babbling. Baby’s should be able to say a complete word by 18 months, and there should not be much loss of social skills or language. There may also be minimum appreciation or receptiveness to other peoples joy or suffering. There will be very a partial range of creative pretence or, engage in recreation particularly social imagination (Slonims, 2003) Treatment for autistic disorder at an early age is very important. The earlier a child is diagnosed with the autistic order the sooner they can get the help and therapy they need to live the best life possible. My friends son John who is autistic saw me playing the piano one day at church, and started clapping and jumping up load. I told my friend Dave to bring him in before one of lessons with a student which he did. I sat John down and put his hands on the piano, John played about 3 notes before I stopped him, and hummed a Bflat. To my surprise John laughed and played the same note I just hummed. I laughed as well because he played the B flat fast without even thinking about it. I continued to test John for about 20 minutes on recognizing notes, â€Å"he did not miss one†. I discovered that John had perfect pitch. He had the ability to her a sound and duplicated it on the piano. In the first lesson I show John how to play Marry had a little lamb, and I’ve got the joy, which he learn in minutes. John’s parents told me that John was not suppose to be able to talk, and now they can not get him to stop talking, Because of the progress of John the school district has allowed John to leave school early every Tuesday and Thursday to come to my office for a piano lesson which the district considers to be therapy. Since John has started playing the piano his hands are getting stronger, with more dexterity. I have noticed that John is more calm than usually, and he also likes to create his own music. The majority of behavioral treatment plans contain understandable instructions to the person, prompting to achieve exact behaviors. Another key is to give attention, rewards, and praise for doing those behaviors. I think the main key is for parents to know how to take care of there autistic kid so that they child can grow up to be all that they can be. References Slonims, V. (2003). Diagnosis of autism. BMJ , 1. Smith, B. . (2008, 02). Other Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Retrieved 04 05, 2008, from public health services: surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter3/sec6.html#autism University of Phoenix. (2006). Psychological Disorders . In U. o. Phoenix, Psychology: An Introduction (12th ed.). Research Papers on Diagnosis and Treatment of AutismThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Exercise to Practice Using the Correct Forms of Be

Exercise to Practice Using the Correct Forms of 'Be' This exercise will give you practice in applying the principles discussed in What Are the Present and Past Forms of the Verb Be? Instructions and Exercise Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb be. Use the tense (present or past) shown in parenthesis at the end of each sentence. The Hoovers (be) driving to California in an old VW bus. (present)The Hoovers (be) driving to California in an old VW bus. (past)Dwayne (be) writing another note to his grandfather. (present)George Bailey (be) visited by an angel named Clarence. (past)The Hoovers (be) planning another road trip. (present)I (be) happy to be here. (present)You (be) talking in your sleep last night. (past)Uncle Frank (be) reading a novel when the tornado struck. (past)The Hoovers (be) disqualified. (past)The game of hopscotch (be) invented by the Romans. (past)The elephant (be) the only animal with four knees in each leg. (present)The side door (be) broken. (present)King William IVs nickname (be) Silly Billy. (past)There (be) 206 bones in the human body. (present)Richard (be) once a motivational speaker. (past) Answers The Hoovers  are  driving to California in an old VW bus.The Hoovers  were  driving to California in an old VW bus.Dwayne  is  writing another note to his grandfather.George Bailey  was  visited by an angel named Clarence.The Hoovers  are  planning another road trip.I  am  happy to be here.You  were  talking in your sleep last night.Uncle Frank  was  reading a novel when the tornado struck.The Hoovers  were  disqualified.The game of hopscotch  was  invented by the Romans.The elephant  is  the only animal with four knees in each leg.The side door  is  broken.King William IVs nickname  was  Silly Billy.There  are  206 bones in the human body.Richard  was  once a motivational speaker.

Freedom of the Seas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Freedom of the Seas - Essay Example Historically, it has been one of the chief means by which the United States has influenced international affairs; the vigorous assertion of the principle of freedom of the seas has been a major cause of four armed conflicts: the Quasi-War with France in 1798, the Barbary Wars, the War of 1812, and World War I. First established by the Romans, it was challenged in the sixteenth century to secure trade and by a Papal Bull that sought to divide the oceans between Portugal and Spain. During the eighteenth century, the principle again became widely accepted when the definition of territorial waters was extended to include a three-mile zone. While the United States strongly took the position that neutral ships should be allowed to carry goods for belligerents in times of war, other nations enforced rules of contraband (mostly defined as military stores) and blockade. This became an important issue during the wars after the French Revolution when Great Britain and France imposed maritime blockades. To force these nations to change their policies (and also to end British impressment on American ships), the United States passed the Embargo Act (1807) and the Nonintercourse Act (1809). After France declared it would lift its blockade, and when Great Britain did not follow suit within a three-month period as demanded by President James Madison, the United States declared war on Great Britain in June 1812. The United States accepted the concepts of contraband and blockade as legitimate during the Civil War but shied away from capturing Confederate diplomats off of neutral vessels during the Trent Affair. As long as the United States was a neutral during World War I and World War II, it protested the extensive blockades against Germany and very liberal British definitions of contraband. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, nonetheless, established "maritime control areas" at the beginning of World War II that extended into the high seas. In both wars, activities of German U-boats against neutrals provoked sharp American protest: by President Woodrow Wilson after the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, and by Roosevelt in September 1941 after the torpedoing of American ships. The first major challenge to the freedom of the seas principle after World War II was President Harry S. Truman's 1945 announcement extending U.S. jurisdiction to natural resources on the continental shelf. Other nations followed by extending their territorial waters, some of them as far as 200 nautical miles. A 300-mile maritime defense zone around the American continents, established by the Rio Pact of 1947, was cited by the John F. Kennedy administration to legitimize the "naval quarantine" during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea agreed upon a 12-mile territorial limit and a 200-mile exclusive economic zone in December 1982. In 1982 a comprehensive United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty agreement was reached that established the twelve-mile limit for territorial waters and the two-hundred-mile "exclusive economic zone" that the United States had pushed for. The historic pact deemed the world's oceans the "common heritage of mankind" and

Expression of Motivation to Become a Physician Assistant Personal Statement

Expression of Motivation to Become a Physician Assistant - Personal Statement Example First, whilst undertaking my undergraduate degree in Science and Biology from the Azad University of Tehran that is located in Iran, I was able to gain background knowledge about human health and ways through which the health of an individual can be improved or maintained in a desirable state. Secondly, in my pursuit to gain a deeper understanding and knowledge, and even make advancement in my career I undertook a postgraduate degree majoring in health administration. Through this postgraduate degree, I gained knowledge on leadership, management, and administration skills that are applicable in public health systems, and health care facilities. Additionally, I trained as a Pharmacy Technician at the Boston Reed College, in the year 2009 and in the period of 2004 to 2007, I completed 60 credits towards an associate degree in Nursing at the Glendale Community College. From my educational background, it is evident that I have a deep desire and I am highly motivated to advance in my medi cal career which includes becoming a PA. In regards to work experience, I have had the opportunity of working in the healthcare industry for the past eight years. For instance, I have been an intern at the Northridge Hospital medical center for the past year and as an intern, I was able to obtain practical knowledge and further learn routine practices of PA. I worked under the supervision of a safety officer to ensure that all joint commission guidelines for the physical environment of care at the hospitals remain compliant. I was also charged with the duty of ensuring safety and facility quality controls comply with local, federal, state regulations and further provided consultations. Prior to my internship at the Northridge hospital, I worked at the cardiologist office for seven years as a medical assistant where I interacted with patients and PAs, thereby becoming familiar with the roles of a PA.

Extreme Poverty and the Rights of the Poor Essay Example for Free

Extreme Poverty and the Rights of the Poor Essay Extreme poverty and the rights of the poor has been a high priority of the UN ever since its creation, yet this dilemma are still happening in many underdeveloped and developing countries. To eliminate this problem, public awareness and a genuine cooperation in the global community is required. Extreme poverty and rights of the poor goes hand in hand, because in many third world and developing nations, poor people have no rights. France encourages nations to genuinely cooperate to increase the awareness of the issue and to abolish habits of â€Å"ignoring poverty and the rights of the poor. † The eradication of poverty must begin by providing help to those most affected by the problem. The poor and uneducated makes up the majority of those without any rights, they lack access to the fastest way of escaping poverty, education; therefore, they rarely ever have a voice in their communities. France is well aware that efforts have been made to fight poverty in many regions simultaneously, including Africa, Central and South America, and the Middle East. France strongly believes that the most essential step the UN should take in order to solve this problem is to encourage all nations to provide free education to everyone. In order to reduce poverty and guarantee rights to the poor, free education must be made available to everyone, especially to those that cannot afford it. If this is achieved, people most definitely are able to have a bigger and better access to economic opportunities, a major factor in escaping poverty. In France, it is required for children from the age of 6-16 to attend school. After ninth grade, students can choose whether or not to pursue a higher education, such as high school and college, if not, they can be admitted to a technical school, then graduate from such school and have a professional career. France believe that based on the high efficiency of this method, the UN should carry out similar actions to a global scale by encouraging nations to adopt the same principle. In conclusion, France strongly believes nations must genuinely cooperate effectively in order to reduce poverty and guarantee rights to the poor. The source of this problem is believed to be the lack of access to education due to poverty. Providing free education must be the first step nations should take in order to bring an end to this problem.

eight of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. :: English Literature

Compare the The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively and chapter eight of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In your essay explore plot, characters, setting, themes, language and structure. in The texts I have studied, going to discuss and compare are 'The Darkness Out There' by Penelope Lively and 'Great Expectations' by Charles Dickens. These texts were written in different periods of time, therefore they have differences in their outlook on life. For e.g. Great Expectations was written in the pre-20th century and includes major variations about his way of life, however The Darkness Out There was written in the 1970's and contains a younger more up to date example of text. 'The Darkness Out There' is a story of two teenage children who help out the elderly; their names are Kerry (the boy) and Sandra (the girl). These two children are about to discover during their visit how looks and stereotypical behaviour can be deceiving, towards the end of this story Sandra starts to realize how blind she has been up to now in her life and feels a possible need for a change of character. Chapter Eight of 'Great Expectations' is part of a tale of Pip's journey in life, at this point in the story he is going to meet Mrs. Havisham. She is a wealthy old woman who helps and takes on children, turning them into fine gentlemen and ladies, this visit to the old woman turns out to have a deeper incentive than it might seem. Mrs. Havisham seems to have sinister motives and strange fantasies of how she wants to define Estella. Different characters and settings make this an entrancing story. k work info In both of the texts the children visit an elderly lady, in 'The Darkness Out There' Kerry and Sandra are helpers for the local old people neighborhood service. On this day they both go to help an old Mrs. Rutter with her chores, however they do not bargain on what they are about to hear. In 'Great Expectations' Pip is going on a visit to Mrs. Havisham's manor house, unlike the other text his visit is about his future and how he will be brought up. Even though the children are going to visit the old women, the characters in the story are all afraid of different things. In 'The Darkness Out There' Sandra is afraid of the woods known as Packer's End, she is scared of it because of the secrets and stories it contains for example in the text, it says that 'She wouldn't go in there for a thousand pounds' and 'You didn't know who was around in

Efficient Financial System: Fuel for Economic Growth Essay

The financial intermediaries and financial markets which form a part of the financial systems are the pillars for economic growth leading to a more practical resource allocation as they decrease the costs of moving funds among lenders and borrowers, thus helping to provide information symmetry between both the parties. However, the inability of these pillars to function together may result in operational inefficiencies of the economy, negatively affecting the economic growth. The reduction in poverty through greater access to finance and efficient allocation of societal savings promotes financial sector development leading to economic growth. To understand how an efficient financial system fosters economic growth, we need to understand the ways in which such a system eases goods and service exchanges through provision of payment services, help to collect and mobilize a large number of investor savings, gather and develop enterprise information and potential investment projects, thus ensuring allocation of societal savings to their most fruitful use, scrutinize investments and wield corporate governance there by reducing the inter-temporal risk and liquidity. However, the disparity across countries with respect to the efficiency with which financial markets and institutions lower the operation costs and information asymmetries, with significant ramifications for economic expansion and development is noteworthy. (http://www. treasury. govt. nz/workingpapers/2004/twp04-17. pdf) To have a better understanding of how an efficient financial system may lead to economic growth, let us consider the following example. With a stable financial institution in place, there have been recent introduction of a 40 year term mortgage loans in the U. S, however in comparison, in many developing countries lending for housing is limited to five year term loans if at all available. The lending ratios i. e. , the available loan per 1000 people vary from four loans per 1,000 people in Albania to almost 800 loans per 1,000 people in Poland. The interest rate spreads i. e. , the disparity between deposit and lending rates – vary classically between 2% and 4% in developed financial systems such as USA and Europe as compared to being over 30% in Brazil. Development of the financial sector promotes economic growth through more well-organized allocation of resources and growth due to productivity instead of providing it through the scale of savings mobilization or investment. This promotes economic development by extending entree to external finance thus improving resource allocation and increase in efficiency of reallocation of investment funds across industries. Financial development also helps to diminish the force of external shocks on the domestic economy, it being a vital determinant of the balance of trade structure, thus, providing countries with a relative advantage, in those industries which are mostly dependent on external finance. Thus, given the significance of an efficient financial system development for economic growth leading to poverty reduction, academicians and policy makers would be similarly interested in and concerned about the building blocks for a strong and efficient financial system. Carlton- Home Loan For the purpose of investment, a loan for $300,000 in Carlton for ten years has several sources and costs involved. It is best to choose a mortgage loan with fixed rate interest and avail the same from the bank. The rationale for the choice is explained below, considering the factors that are involved in the choice, the advantages and its cost. Choice of the Source The home loan market is dynamic and offering various kinds of loans ranging from mortgage loan, home equity loan, reverse mortgage etc. These are further replete with choices like interest only loans. Consideration the loan for buying an apartment for investment purpose, there are sources available like broking houses, mortgage loan companies and banks. All these sources have a different way of operation, and offer various loan products. The choice of the type of loan depends on certain questions like purpose of the loan, the period for which one plans to stay in the home, the tenor of the loan preferred, preferred amount of down payment, frequency and structure of payment. Each different loan source has its pros and cons. One can select loan types from a choice of Fixed Rate Mortgages (FRM), Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM), Balloon Mortgages, no fee and no point programs etc. (Source: â€Å"Factors affecting mortgage rates†) For the home loan into consideration, looking at the investment purpose and a horizon of 10 years, the fixed rate mortgage loan happens to be the right choice. Moreover, it is best to avail the loan directly from the bank, rather than a broking house.

A Reflection Paper on Gintong Pamana

The evidences that will prove that Filipinos have a rich culture in pre-colonial period are the gold Jewelries and their technology. Firstly, Gold is a precious metal that surpasses all ores in the world. It is the most expensive to the point people search for it, fight for it, and even kill for it. But that wasn't the case in pre-colonial period. All classes?the nobles, freemen and the two types of slaves (lapping Mahayana and lapping salesgirl)?wore gold Jewelries.There are many uses of gold back then, but hey were Just an ornament on their bodies, utensils, decorations, orifice ornaments for the deceased when they laid to rest, and more. Lastly, their manual technology on how they molded the gold. In the video, seeing the belts, figurines and the stunning over the shoulder â€Å"halter† weighing four kilos of pure gold made me gasp and deeply think. â€Å"Just how on earth they made those ornaments? † I thought. They made it manually and with the only help of a cruci ble to melt the gold and so they were able to produce works that are superior.The film definitely challenged my assumptions. I assumed that the Filipinos have poor culture because they don't have the modern technology but I was completely wrong. The folks who inhabited the islands nearly a millennium ago were already so advanced In their craftsmanship which was also true at different points of our history in the beautiful textiles, baskets, embroideries, etc. Watching the video made me realize that I do not such grand material heritage In my house but I do have the heritage of knowledge and values.I already gained It at the time I had my consciousness. I believe that I can preserve them by passing It down to future generations. At least for me, knowledge and values are the most Important heritage because It teaches you moral lessons and It can lead you too better life. We Filipinos are always searching for our Identity. People are complaining that we are not pure or natives, uncivil ized and messiest but at the time when we see the Surreal treasures, we realize that Is already the core, which Is who we are.

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse By Mark Nichol What type of markers or emphasis should a writer give to signal that a character’s thoughts are unspoken? Though some people disagree, the consensus is that they should be enclosed in quotation marks as if they were said aloud: 1. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, ‘Where do I start?’† This mode of what is known as unspoken discourse assumes that internally vocalized thoughts are a form of direct speech. â€Å"Unspoken discourse† is not to be confused with â€Å"indirect discourse,† which describes indirect speech, or paraphrase: 2. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered, where should she start?† In this case, the person would not think, â€Å"Where should she start?† in those words, so the final phrase of the sentence is a paraphrase, not a quote, and should not be enclosed in quotation marks. Indirect discourse has another, similar form: 3. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered where she should start.† Notice that in this example, a different type of paraphrase, a comma does not precede the thought, and no question mark punctuates this sentence, because it’s not a question. As I mentioned above, some writers prefer to omit quotation marks in unspoken discourse: 4. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, Where do I start?† This style is also correct, but it requires greater attention from the reader, and it seems more trouble than it’s worth to distinguish between spoken thoughts and unspoken ones, especially in fiction. Employing italics is an alternative strategy for unspoken discourse, but this method is best used in internal dialogue, when a person is conversing with their alter ego, or with a disembodied entity such as a spirit, or perhaps a guiding force from within: â€Å"The voice seemed to resonate inside her: Go forth, and fear not.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 10150 Idioms About Roads and Paths50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Second Grade Christmas Math Word Problems

Second Grade Christmas Math Word Problems When working with word problems, be sure to add some problem-solving questions to the mix. Word problems typically require computations  whereas problem-solving requires a little more thinking. There will be reasoning and logic necessary to solve the problem. Questions 1. For Christmas, you got 12 candy canes in your stocking and 7 from the tree. How many candy canes do you have? 2. You have 19 Christmas cards. 12 came from your friends at school, how many came in the mail? 3. You sang 8 songs at the concert at school and your friend sang 17. How many more songs did your friend sing? 4. You buy gifts for your friends, 2 sisters, 1 brother, your mom,  and dad. You buy a total of 13 gifts. How many friends do you buy for? 5. You wrapped 17 presents and your brother wrapped 8 presents. How many more presents did you wrap? 6. On your advent calendar, you ate 13 chocolates. How many more chocolates are there to eat? 7. On the day before the Christmas holidays, only 21 of the 26 students were at school. How many were absent? 8. On the day before the Christmas holidays, only 21 of the 26 students were at school. How many were absent? Notice that in these word problems, the unknown value isnt always at the end. Its important to ensure that there is a variety of childrens math word problems. Some unknown values should occur at the beginning, some the end and others at the end. PDF Printable Worksheet

E-Procurement and Supply Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Procurement and Supply Chain - Assignment Example Manufacturing Source Preparing (MRP) as part of SCM can help plan and figure out the needs and timeframes for new development procedures to be able to estimate item distribution daily activities, and reply to changes in the marketplace or item. It is an application based development planning and inventory control system used to handle manufacturing procedures (Blanchard 2010). Before the internet came along, the ambitions of supply chain application enthusiasts were restricted to enhancing their capability to estimate demand from customers and create their own supply chain run more easily. But the cheap, popular characteristics of the internet, along with its simple, globally approved interaction requirements, have tossed things open up (Blanchard 2010). Now, organizations can link their supply chain with the supply chain of their providers and clients together in a single wide system that improves expenses and possibilities for everyone engaged. This was the reason for the B2B explosion; the idea that everyone a company does business with could be linked together into one big satisfied, supportive family (Simchi-Levi 2007). Of course, truth isn't quite that satisfied and supportive. But these days most organizations discuss at least some data with their supply chain associates.... Suppliers wouldn't have to think how many raw components to purchase, and producers wouldn't have to purchase more than they need from providers to create sure they have enough on side if need for their products suddenly improves. And suppliers would have less vacant racks if they distributed the details they had about income of a company's item in all their shops with the maker (Petrovic-Lazarevic et al 2007). The internet makes displaying your side to others possible, but hundreds of years of mistrust and lack of synchronization within sectors create it difficult (Jacoby 2009.). The benefit of appropriate and precise supply chain details is the capability to create or deliver only as much of an item as there is an industry for. This is the exercise known as just-in-time manufacturing, and it allows organizations to decrease the amount of inventory that they keep. This can cut expenses considerably, since you no longer need to pay to generate and store unwanted products. But many or ganizations and their supply chain associates have a long way to go before that stage of supply chain versatility can be carried out (Jacoby 2009). The benefits from business resource planning are stated to include: lower inventory holding costs lower purchasing costs lower development costs lower bookkeeping and documentation costs lower transport costs lower investment in equipment lower investment in plant lower investment in land reduced assembly-line down-times more versatile manufacturing processes more effective lot styles and scheduling reduced mistakes due to better coordination the cost and efficiency improvements (mentioned above) could increase profitability or increase market share (at a lower price) reduced number of

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES (SMS) ON THE INTERPERSONAL Research Proposal

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES (SMS) ON THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF STUDENTS - Research Proposal Example He attributes this phenomenon to the ability to communicate with people having a set of common interests using SNS technology. For instance, SNS allow users to form groups based on a specific subject, allow private communication among select people and provide features to show or hide specific user information and messages based on a set of predefined rules. Such components allow users to establish and nurture virtual relationships regardless of geographical location. This virtual relationship among two or more individuals can be based on various factors including past associative history (classmates, neighbours etc.), love, business or any other form of social interaction. Traditionally, interpersonal relationships were limited to physical interaction through scenarios such as family, marriage, employment, social clubs etc., most of which come under the purview of legal frameworks, constraints and scrutiny. Social networking however is not restricted entirely within any of these boundaries and even facilitates the establishment of relationships among individuals who may have never met or seen before physically. Ozok (2009) stresses that this excitement behind the possibility to meet new people, particularly of the opposite sex, that encourages students using socials networking. He further adds that virtual interactions through SNS are also capable of influencing the relationships of users with people close to them and can be either good or bad i n the nature. The paper is a research proposal for studying the use of social networking among students in the age groups of 13-17 years. The proposed research topic was selected as it is evident that social networking is extremely popular among students and develops a major proportion of their activities performed through the Internet. Chatting with friends, posting messages or sharing photographs are some of the tasks that

Accounting - finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting - finance - Essay Example Lastly, a budget is important because it is used by the management to monitor the results of operations and to take any corrective actions when such a need arises. Another concern very much applicable to a manufacturing company like ours is the proper implementation of a standard cost and variance reporting system. According to Gene Siciliano (2003, p. 134), the power of this system lies in the analysis of the differences or variances and utilizing the results of such analysis to ensure that the managers change what they are doing, all for the long-term profitability of the company. The standard cost and variance reporting system is important because it helps management measure the efficiency of each department; it aids management in pinpointing where exactly the deviations occur and in taking corrective measures accordingly; it controls costs and, lastly, it aids management in making the right decisions on which areas need to be addressed (Globusz Publishing, n.d.). HK Corporation (the Company), like a lot of companies, has its own budget and standard cost system. However, in the last few years, we have been unable to meet our budgeted targets for sales and net income before income tax making the budget fail in its goal to control our operations. I believe that our budgeting process has contributed to our failure to achieve our targets. This report that I am submitting shows why I believe this is the case. My report also contains some suggestions or recommendations on how our budgeting process can be revised to solve its problem and how we can improve on our standard costs and variance reporting systems. First of all, the top-down approach has led to inadequate allocation of resources and dissatisfaction among the managers. In fact, most often than not, after the director of finance and the other managers met to thresh out the problem areas in the budget, we see our managers often left

The Impact Of Globalisation Sociology Essay

The Impact Of Globalisation Sociology Essay Globalisation is a force to be reckoned with. The Pandora box has been opened, its influence is rapidly spreading across the globe and there is no turning back. This paper will evaluate the inferred consequences of globalisation on children and families in the state of poverty and in affluence. realisation of adaptations for the sake of survival, relevance and otherwise vested interests from external forces. Economic globalisation actively pursued by national and international policy makers through the deregulation of the domestic economy and external transactions and on the rapid technological advances of the last two decades. Includes Internationalisation of behaviours, entertainment, consumption patterns, migration, tourist flows. other aspects are more complex to assess than the effects of economic-technological globalisation discussed in this paper -Globalisation results in economic growth and helps reduce some kinds of poverty though evidence shows that globalisation does not necessary result in sustainable growth. Outline/Methodology Implications: Political, economic, social, emotional, cultural, children and family well-being in developing, transitional n developed countries Discussion Political rapid changes brought about by globalisation, necessary adoption n adaptions to changes for survival, relevance, other vested interest by state or external influences Economic ref harnessing globalisation- negligence of poor and marginal populations: economic ills of capitalism n consumerism? Disparity in distribution of resources n gains reshuffling of economic structures n behaviours resulting in successes some n further challenges for others Affects childrens well being in many various ways geographical mobility of workforce/ immigrants economic reasons such as pressure of labour supply, income disparities, -distribution issue- inequality in wealth distributionhigh inequality impedes growth in poor countries by lowering investment in human n physical capital n generating more crimes n social unrests (save the children) political asylum, refugees, displacement Proponents to eradicate poverty n reduce injustice however . social ills social injustice Mass immigration and displacement Globally, there is an increase in economic migration driven by income disparities e.g. exploitation, demand for labour supply and the advancement of information technologies. The swell in migratory flows could be attributed, among others, to rising disparity in opportunities and income available to people in their home countries vis-a-vis countries they migrate to. In the 1970s, about 640,000 Mexicans migrated to the US legally. By 2000, 7.8 Mexicans are living in the US, legally or otherwise. Mass migration leads to growing urbanisation. The percentage of the worlds population living in cities rose from 29% to 47% (to about 2.8billion) in the last 50 years. Most of the growth took place in the developing world the number of urban residents jumped from 17% in 1950 to 40% or 1.9billion people in 2000. This is expected to double in the next 30 years. Increased Migration and Displacement An estimated 50 to 200 million people in the world could be displaced by the next 40 to 50 years due to climate change (63). Both gradual and extreme weather conditions and rising sea levels are the main drivers of such increased migrations. While most will move within their own countries, many will also cross international borders (64). A research by Save the Children exploring the movement of children within and between countries found that children tend to move with their parents (66). Nevertheless, many children do move independently due to various reasons. Some do so to find work to support their families. Others could be forcibly separated from their families due to uncontrollable circumstances eg. war and natural disasters. Yet many chose this path to escape from poverty, exploitation, abuse, calamities or even to pursue better educational opportunities. Moving alone to a foreign or unfamiliar location can pose grave dangers for children. Those without relevant identification papers, for example, are often denied basic services such as healthcare, education and social welfare (67). Such children also face the risk of exploitation and abuse. In 2008, armed conflicts and natural disasters accounted for the displacement of 63 million people. The biggest sufferers were usually children and women. Children displaced under such circumstances are housed in temporary shelters and resettlement camps. They are exposed to diseases associated with overcrowding, chief among them are pneumonia (biggest global killer for children under fire), measles, malaria and diarrhoea. These disease outbreaks result in dire consequences as children are most vulnerable due to lack of proper healthcare and sanitation. Malnutrition tend to be higher for children residing in such refugee camps due to limited food supply (68). Besides facing separation from their families, displaced children and their parents often lose access to essential health services. Climate-induced migration is likely to increase in future. Governments should come together and formulate national and international policies, legislation and services to protect migrant children and their families. Large scale humanitarian protection and help are needed to support them. With the influx of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers to any given country threatens the local infrastructures on food, clean water and shelter. With the relentless appetite of capitalism and growing urbanisation in many countries, consumerism drives the market forces threatens the sustainable environment. As the world becomes increasingly borderless, mass migration further extends the perimeters of diversity in multicultural societies and creates disequilibrium (positive or negative) to homogenous societies. Impact of urbanisation Urbanisation and Overcrowding Over half of the worlds population now live in cities. It is estimated that some 900 million urban-dwellers in low and middle income countries are living in poverty; 800 million people lack access to decent sanitation, and about 650 million people do not have water access(70). Slums and overcrowding plague many cities today. Poorly constructed homes and densely populated areas pose greater risks of fires, disease outbreaks and disasters. Many children from poor homes living in such cities are in danger due to poor sanitation, contaminated water and hazardous waste (71). In an era of global warming, a 1 degree rise in temperature could mean global children deaths of more than 20,000 a year due to air pollution. In developing and poor countries, about one-third of children are stunted and children under 5 have a mortality rate 5-20 times higher than rich countries with adequate access to healthcare and nutrition(73). Today, about 3.3 billion people (50% of the worlds population compared to 15% in 1990) live in urban areas. This is expected to increase to 5.3 billion people come 2050(74). Migrants from the rural areas move to the cities in search of better lives, higher wages and economic stability. Urbanisation is perceived to offer more stability from climate change for people who come from agricultural and natural resource-based livelihoods. Taxing on local infrastructures, for example water and food, to support the influx of Social impact on family life Social Globalisation marks the end of the family as we have known it until now, but it is not the disappearance of the family but its profound diversification (Castells, 1997:139;222). The worldwide trend in increasing divorce rates, many involving couples with young children, is pushing the likelihood of single parenthood as an alternative viable lifestyle. There is an upward trend of single-parent households with dependent children (usually headed by a woman) in developed and developing countries. In Brazil, the percentage of such households rose from 14% in 1980 to 20% in1989 and the trend is increasing. (Castells, 1997:147-52). Such a trend suggests that as more women join the workforce, the traditional role of caring for the family diminishes. This affects the proper upbringing of children with the tendency to push such responsibility to the educational institutions, provided they are available and/or affordable. Inequality and Social Injustice Income Inequality The richest 5% people in the world receive 114 times the income of the poorest 5% population. The top 25 richest Americans earn as much as 2 billion of the worlds poorest. The income gap between the rich and the middle-class/poor continues to widen in the developing and developed economies. This globalisation trend is altering the structures of families, economies and society the constant struggle for the have-nots to aspire to be among the elite haves would prove costly for families and their children. If sharp increases in inequality persist, they may have dire effects on human development, and social stability (including violence and crime (UNDP, 2003a:39). The need for any protectionist policies in any given society speaks of social injustice. It is recommended that government under the UNCRC agreement uphold the rights of children regardless of their nationality status. Children should be rendered political immunity regardless of parents nationality status as asylum seekers, refugees, or stateless persons. -social unrest, An example is the area of global crime rates. Globalisation is creating a ballooning underclass that is struggling due to growing income gaps and lack of job opportunities. This creates the ideal environment for criminal syndicates who are spreading cancerous crimes that exploit and victimise women and children e.g. drug trafficking, human trafficking, illegal trade of diamonds from African countries. In the 1990s, trading of illegal drugs accounted for $400 billion about 8% of world trade. Human trafficking (especially women and children) reached 4 million. More than half a million were for the sex industry in the western countries (George and Wilding, 2002:55). Gender inequality is prevalent in most patriarchal societies. If one gender is considered more economically and socially viable then another, Additional Burden on Women Additional Burdens for Women -In developing countries, women bear the responsibilities of feeding and caring their children, in addition to assisting in food production (farming and/or household) or buying food from local markets. Domestic responsibilities also weigh in, such as collecting fuel and water, besides caring for the aged at home. Education has been identified as vital for women. It empowers them with the essential knowledge for maternal, newborn and child survival, and in particular, teaching their children on how to adapt to climate change. It means life and death. Children of mothers with no education are more than twice as likely to die or be malnourished than children of mothers with at least secondary education (76). But in a scenario of natural disaster or armed conflict, girls are first to be pulled out of school to bring in more income or do housework. Women must be consulted and involved in strategies to adapt to climate changes. They know best on how to make necessary communal changes and protect children from natural disasters. Unless women are given leadership roles, involved in decision-making and implementation, any effort in managing climate change would be futile. roles of parents, women, family structure, child rearing practices -changes in family structure, more demand for women in the workforce, demand for early childhood services, switching roles mothers as breadwinners and fathers becoming homemakers or househusbands Cultural belief system, Individualistic or collective societal perspective. Metropolitan /cosmopolitan countries outcomes of assimilation or adaptation of cross cultural interactions. Strive to achieve an equilibrium. culture is transient. Evolution of cultures or conversions of religion brought about by conquest, coercion,n adaptations or adoptions thought exchanges and interactions. Evolution in cultural beliefs and practices has direct impact on children n families, causes transitional disequilibrium from set beliefs to new influences. adjustments to new cultural framework creates perplexity that affects family structure n function thereby affecting childrens sense if identity n belonging. While most parts of the world have been exposed to Western influences, the existence of indigenous cultures has not been threatened. Global Warming Greenhouse gasses, emitted by industrialised countries due to higher demand for goods and services emphatically point to the fact that most of the global warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities (UNEP, 2002:3). Massive use of fuel, coal, gas flaring, cement production, plastic, power etc lead to carbon dioxide emissions. The Greenhouse effects -floods, drought, typhoons, desertification, deforestation, rising water levels are now experienced by countries throughout the world. Water supply, food crops, diseases are creating havoc costing lives, reducing food supply, migrations, children and their families suffer. Climate change has been identified as the biggest global health threat to children in the 21st century. The sum effects of climate change put children at greatest risk from malnutrition, disease, water scarcity and natural disasters resulting in the disintegration of healthcare services and infrastructure. Children under 5 years are most vulnerable to its consequences (1). In poor and developing countries, diseases and conditions including diarrhoea, malaria, measles, pneumonia and malnutrition contribute to the high number of deaths of children. About one-third of the global childhood disease problems are linked to changeable factors in food, soil, water and air. With climate change, these problems will worsen eg. access to clean water becomes more difficult making children more susceptible to diarrhoea, a major killer for young children. Natural disasters such as drought, floods and typhoons brought about from changes in the climate add to the woes of children. Besides diseases, children are denied proper healthcare services. Food shortages worsen the childrens plight, adding problems of under-nutrition and starvation. The impact made by climate change on food security, healthcare, clean water supply and livelihoods has a profound influence on urbanisation, migration, poverty and armed conflict. These in turn affect the lives of children and their survival. Poor families, many whom are already struggling, could be pushed into the deeper end of their troubles bringing about long term consequences on their childrens survival. For example, children from the poorest 20% of households in many developing countries have up to 5 times the mortality rate of children from the richest 20% households (12). Beyond these, there are other secondary and structural causes of child deaths. Examples include poor healthcare facilities, inadequate water supply and sanitation, poverty, maternal education and inequality. Climate change exacerbates these conditions by loading more burdens on fragile states who are already struggling with providing children with the most basic needs. How well communities or states adapt and cope with climate change and its impact on existing vulnerabilities will determine a childs survival chances. Millions of children in these areas suffer from malnutrition and babies are born malnourished and/or with anomalies. Childhood at Risk AIDS today is a worldwide problem and globalisation has played no small part in the spread of this disease. UNAIDS estimates that 13.2 million of children in the world aged 15 and below have lost their parents and 90% of them live in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Numbers are growing in central Asia and Eastern Europe. Young people are at the core of the AIDS epidemic, In many places this is actually an epidemic among teenagers (UNAIDS Director Dr Peter Plot quoted in Irish Times, 24 Feb 2004). AIDS through heterosexual transmission is prevalent in Africa. Young girls are seen as men as clean: and they are most at risk. In many parts of the world ie Africa, Latin America, South-East Asia, Caribbean countries, 20-48% of girls between 10-15 years were forced to have their first sexual encounter. Child Soldiers According to the Human Rights Watch (HRW), an estimated 300,000 young children serve in paramilitary or armed groups in more than 30 conflict regions. Some of the countries with such child soldiers include Sudan, Congo, Somalia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Iran and Papua New Guinea. Abduction of children from their homes is a commonly used accompanied by death threats to enforce joining the military force. These children are forced to witness and participate in atrocities eg beheading, rape, amputations, burning people alive. Girls are raped and sexually abused, some given to commanders as wives. Cultural Globalisation Majority of women in developing countries perform housework, work in agriculture or work in the informal sector. The patriarchal society in these countries demand that household chores are the mainstay of females while work, whether formal or informal, is a mere extension of their duties. Under such circumstances, women choose work in an informal sector to care for their children and earn additional income for basic necessities, usually because their husbands dont bring home enough money. They cannot seek formal employment due to their family responsibilities. Employment in the informal sector is still gender biased men are still in supervisory or management positions with higher wages, while women are simply subcontract workers. Assembly work and production factories are filled with women since unemployedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦men refused to participate in their wives informal work because they felt they could be called away at any time for a waged job (Ward 1990). Such a double standard, ironically, leads to survival for females in developing countries they can maintain their domestic roles and yet not rely solely on their husbands. Another issue confronting women and their children in the developing countries is that unpaid domestic tasks are private rather than social and because they are both unpaid and private, there is no social system of incentives, of rewards and penalties, to encourage change (Elson 1992). Wives lack access to the public sector where job opportunities exist. Such a vulnerability render women helpless but to depend on their husbands for finances and even endure abuse. Despite the discrimination, women have shown resilience in taking on the responsibilities of caring for their children when their husbands leave. They take on informal sector jobs and are still able to fulfil their domestic needs. Governments in developing countries are not doing enough or even denying their women opportunities to effectuate their strengths to the fullest potential. Globalisation today has not changed that. But continued globalisation may mean in time to come, governments in developing countries cannot ignore the potential to harness the talents and strengths of the female workforce.

History of Social Security Essay -- Government Economy Economics Essay

History of Social Security Is it time to privatize Social Security? Many believe the system will not be able to meet all its obligations by the year 2012. They say Social Security will begin paying out more in benefits than it collects in revenue. To continue meeting its obligations, the system will have to begin drawing on the surplus in the Social Security Trust Fund. However, for many years the federal government has used the trust to disguise the actual size of the federal budget deficit, borrowing money from the trust fund to pay current operating expenses and replacing the money with government bonds, essentially an IOU. Proponents for privatizing Social Security people should be allowed the freedom to invest their Social Security taxes. On the other hand contrary to the beliefs of many, there is a strong case to be made that Social Security is sound now and will continue to be sound indefinitely. The major threat to the system comes from the proposals to fix it. Privatization presents perhaps the most s erious threat to date; it would place individuals retirement savings at considerable risk, force the creation of huge government bureaucracies, and leech Social Security assets out of the system and into the coffers of brokerage and banks. In my research paper I will focus on both arguments of Social Security. Those who believe Social Security should be privatized and those who believe it would be a big mistake to privatize Social Security. Before I go into those perspectives I will focus on the inception of the Social Security System, to give the reader background information on how the system developed. The creation of a national social security system in the United States started with the Social Security Act on ... ... BIBLIOGRAPHY Baker, Dean."Privatizing Social Security: The Wall Street Fix". http://epn.org/epi/epib112.html Kotlikoff, Laurence."Rescuing Social Securtiy." Challenge Nov/Dec 1996: 22-26 Lieberman, Trudy. "Social Insecurity: The Campaign to take the System Private." The Nation 20 Jan 1997: 11-18 Mashaw, Jerry. "The Great Social Security Scare". http//epn.org/prospect/29/29mash.html Schnepper A.Jeff."Privatizing Social Security."USA Today May 1996: 25-28 Tanner, Micheal. "Privatizing Social Security: The Social Security Debate." Challenge Nov/Dec. 1996: 19-23 Tanner, Micheal. "Privatizing Social Security: A Big Boost for the Poor." http://cato.org/pubs/ssps/ssp4.html Wasow, Bernard. "Privatizing Social Security". http//epn.org/tcf/xxssec01.html Weinberger,Mark."Social Security: Facing the Facts". http://cato.org/pubs/ssps/ssp3.html

Muhammad Yunus

Professor Dr. Muhammad Yunus Muhammad Yunus is a banker to the poor and economist who was born on 28 June 1940 in Bangladesh. He was a professor of economics and is famous for his work in microcredit. Professor Muhammad Yunus established the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 to help the poor by giving out small loans. He turned the idea into  Grameen Bank, which has made small loans to more than 7. 5 million people now. His first loan was $27 given from his own pocket. This $27 was loaned to 42 women in the village, who made a profit of $0. 2 each from the loan. The activity of the Grameen Bank is known around the world. Its ideas have been used throughout the world including USA, China, Malaysia, India etc. More than 94% of these loans have been given to women to improve their lives and escape poverty. The Norwegian Nobel Committee decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006, divided into two equal parts, to  Muhammad Yunus  and  Grameen Bank  Ã¢â‚¬Å"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below†.Muhammad Yunus has received several other awards. Microcredit means giving small loans. These loans are given to poor people. To qualify for a loan, the villager must demonstrate that their family owns less than one half acre of land. The activity of Grameen Bank has not been limited to just Bangladesh but also around the world. Grameen helps the world’s poorest, especially women, improve their lives and escape poverty. More than 94% of Grameen loans have been given to women, who have less money and give more to their families.Grameen Bank was the first lender to hand out microcredit, giving very small loans to poor Bangladeshis who did not qualify for loans from normal banks. The bank has provided $5. 72 billion dollars to over 6 million families in Bangladesh. These loans average $200. With 1,417 branches, Grameen provides services in 51,000 villages, covering three quarters of all the villages in Bangladesh. This system was so successful that even beggars had been able to borrow money.The people who have enough money has many banks to support them, but those who don’t have anything, traditional banking system, that’s why Muhammad Yunus created the Grameen Bank and thus winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. The main aim of the traditional bank is to provide loan in exchange of depositing the property or other assets with interest. There is no scope/eligibility for the poor to do anything without any investment, but in the concept of Grameen Bank, Dr. Yunus has made his microcredit policy to provide banking service without any deposition.Muhammad Yunus is the recipient of numerous international awards for his ideas and endeavors, including the Mohamed Shabdeen Award for Science (1993), Sri Lanka; Humanitarian Award (1993), CARE, USA; World Food Prize (1994), World Food Prize Foundation, USA; Independence Day Award (1987), Bangladesh's highest award; King Hussein Humanitarian Leaders hip Award (2000), King Hussein Foundation, Jordan; Volvo Environment Prize (2003), Volvo Environment Prize Foundation, Sweden; Nikkei Asia Prize for Regional Growth (2004), Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Japan; Franklin D.Roosevelt Freedom Award (2006), Roosevelt Institute of The Netherlands; and the Seoul Peace Prize (2006), Seoul Peace Prize Cultural Foundation, Seoul, Korea. He also is a member of the board of the United Nations Foundation. Yunus received the U. S. Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 and the U. S. Congressional Gold Medal in 2012. â€Å"If banks made large loans, he made small loans. If banks required paperwork, his loans were for the illiterate. Whatever banks did, he did the opposite,† marvels Sam Daley-Harris, director of the Microcredit Summit Campaign. He's a genius. † â€Å"Microcredit is something which is not going to disappear†¦ because this is a need of the people,† Mr. Yunus told the BBC in 2002. Bibliography â€Å"Press Release â₠¬â€œ Nobel Peace Prize 2006†. Nobelprize. org. 17 Apr 2013 http://www. nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2006/press. html Muhammad Yunus: Nobel Peace Prize Winner. Grameen-info. org. 17 Apr 2013. http://www. grameeninfo. org/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=404&Itemid=199 Yunus Wins Nobel Prize. 006. Nbcnews. com. 17 Apr 2013. http://www. nbcnews. com/id/15246216/ns/business-world_business/t/yunus-wins-peace-nobel-anti-poverty-efforts/ The New Heroes: Muhammad Yunus. Pbs. org. 17 Apr 2013 http://www. pbs. org/opb/thenewheroes/meet/yunus. html Muhammad Yunus: Worlds Banker to the Poor. 2 Mar 20011. Bbbc. co. uk. 17 Apr 2013 http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-south-asia-11901625. Nobel Prize Winner Muhammad Yunus Visits Quinnipiac. Qunnipiac. edu. 17 Apr 2013.

Mythological Language Essay

â€Å"Mythological language raises very difficult if not impossible problems.† Discuss this statement by examining both verification and falsification. â€Å"A myth is a symbolic approximate expression of truth, which the human mind cannot perceive sharply and completely, but can only glimpse vaguely, and therefore cannot adequately or accurately express.† – Millar Burrows. In the context of religion, myths can be taken to mean stories about God which have vital meanings for an individual, a community, a nation or the cosmos. Myths embody and express claims which cannot be expressed in any other way. Myth is the most complex type of symbolic language because it uses symbols, metaphors and imagery. They use them to explain the unexplainable and to give insights into human existence. Mythology does not convey information that isn’t true. They convey concepts that go way beyond the true/false descriptors. They express stories that are â€Å"other worldly†. They allow humans to gain insight into two very important questions; the cosmological question about the meaning of life and the existential question about emotions, feelings, believing etc. Mythological language was used a lot by the biblical writers. They have been included in the ideas such as creation, the fall and the flood. Within the Bible myths also attempt to explain the mystery of human origins and human nature. There have been a brave set of people over the last forty years, who have chosen to say a lot of religious statements are myths – which has challenged existing beliefs. There are of course many examples of religious myths and there are tree ways in which the word myth can be used in religious language: * The myth could be a story which isn’t true, but has some other value. Braithwaite believed that they were inspirational as they make us motivated. * It could be a literary device. Ineffable, i.e. beyond language, unexplainable. * A method of interpreting â€Å"ultimate reality†. They open up like symbols, they have new levels of reality or as Randal argues their purpose is to bind communities together. Biblical stories which seem meaningless to scientists are more understandable if you think of them as another language. Myths are extremely powerful in their metaphor or symbolic meanings. If you don’t take a literal view, and you consider the Bible is supposed to be recording history or science then yes, a lot of the Bible is false. For example, can you calculate the age of the world from the Bible? Yes, if you take it literally, but that would be wrong because scientists have enough evidence to prove that the world is much older than that. What one does, if we interpret the Bible in a mythological sense, is side step the facts to make them more meaningful i.e. â€Å"the world is a few thousand years old,† could just simply be saying God made it. So referring to the statement, â€Å"mythological language raises very difficult if not impossible problems† It is clear that even more than symbols, myths seem outdated. In the 19th century, D.F. Strauss suggested that we need to shift the focus of myth from â€Å"the story of a miraculous occurrence, to the story of a miraculous occurrence.† This basically means in the first case, it is assumed that an objective true narrative about a miracle is being expressed, in the second, that an embodied religious truth is being conveyed in a story form and isn’t necessarily true. Another critic of the use of mythological language was Rudolph Bultmann who said that we must not take myths literally. The Bible should be seen as a myth and only by reading the Bible as mythological text can we fully understand it. The Bible was written in a pre-scientific age when mythological language had a lot of meaning, i.e. the three levels of Hell, Earth and Heaven. Now that the world view has changed we have got to strip the Bible of its myths so that we can understand it again. Bultmann doesn’t mean cut them out, he means re-interpret them, demythologise them. He believed that it is impractical for humanity in modern times to believe such outdated stories: â€Å"It is impossible to use electric light and the wireless and to avail ourselves of modern medical and surgical discoveries and, at the same time, to believe in the New Testament of demons and spirits.† â€Å"The real point of a myth is not to give an objective world picture; what is expressed in it, rather is how we human beings understand ourselves with the world.† Bultmann’s main example of a myth was Luke’s explanation of Jesus being born in a stable. Strip away the myths and you see that it’s saying God can be found in the most humble and excluded parts of the world. Also the resurrection, he suggests is showing the re-invention of the people as they become Christians. Bultmann claims myth made it harder to grasp the Biblical truth. However, if you start doing this, then you end up saying that mythical language is meaningless, which is wrong because you shouldn’t underestimate myth and its power. However it undermines their status as true accounts and events. Yet some believers take them to be true which of course gives them meaning. Another philosopher to agree with the statement is Richard Dawkins, who commented in ‘The God Delusion’, â€Å"†¦much of the bible is†¦ just plain weird, as you would expect of a chaotically cobbled-together anthology of disjointed documents, composed, revised, translated, distorted and ‘improved’ by hundreds of anonymous authors..† He could also have added that this was put together during the course of many centuries. Significantly the difference between Bultmann and Dawkins is that Bultmann still maintained that there was truth to be extracted from the mythological narrative once the myth was stripped away. However, those who are in support of myth, claim that, since religious language is anti-realist, it is not concerned with making true or false statements. J.W. Rogerson wrote: â€Å"Because myths have their birth not in logic but in intuitions of transcendence, they are of value to traditions that seek to describe the action of the other worldly in the present world.† So in conclusion, it is important to understand how myths should be interpreted rather than being concerned to establish what the facts of the matter actually are. We have to remember how these stories were heard, i.e. in the context of simple people. This was a language they could understand and images and pictures that related to ordinary readers and listeners to religious works. This allowed the underlying meanings to be absorbed without needing a great education.